Every part of the human body has its functions, and the knee is one of the more complex joints. It plays a crucial role in jumping, walking, and running. The most important ligaments that help ensure stability are the Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) and the Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL). This article discusses the causes,symptoms and treatment for ACL PCL injuries and seeks to help readers understand their differences.
I. Understanding the Anatomy of ACL and PCL
The ACL and PCL Ligament form a crisscross structure that helps stabilise the knee. The ACL is positioned at the front of the knees. It helps prevent the shinbone from sliding forward to the thigh bone and provides rotational stability, especially when you suddenly stop or change direction. The PCL is located at the back of the knee. It prevents the shinbone from sliding backward to the femur, helping maintain stability during backward motions or when carrying a heavy load.
II. Causes of ACL vs. PCL Injuries
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ACL
The injuries most commonly occur during high-impact sports like basketball, football, and skiing. It is caused by sudden stops or changes in direction, improper landing after a jump, or even a direct blow to the knee. It is noteworthy, however, that non-contact Injuries occur more frequently than contact injuries, which suggests that they are more caused by muscle imbalance.
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PCL
This one is less common than ACL injuries but is majorly caused by any traumatic events. The causes could be a direct impact on the knee, such as a car accident, falling on your bent knee, or overuse of the knee during high-stress activities. PCL Injuries are more subtle, which makes it harder to detect initially
III. Symptoms
While ACL Injuries are more pronounced, PCL injuries have delayed onset symptoms.
ACL
- You would hear a loud pop sound at the time of the injury.
- Immediate pain and swelling in the knee.
- Your knee would give way (instability).
- You would find it difficult to carry weight or walk.
PCL
- Mild pain and swelling that may get worse over time.
- Instability when walking downhill or downstairs.
- Bruising in the knee area.
- Difficulty in straightening the leg fully.
IV. Treatment Options
Depending on the severity of both injuries, it could either be nonsurgical treatment or surgical treatment.
1.Non-Surgical Treatment
Non-surgical treatments are considered for minor injuries. Before opting for a knee replacement surgery , the regular RICE methods can be employed. Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation [RICE] to reduce pain and swelling.
Additionally, one might have to get braces to support the knee during recovery. Another option is physical therapy to support the knee during recovery. Health providers may also recommend crutches to reduce the weight on the knee.
2.Surgical Treatment
- ACL: It involves reconstructing the Ligament using grafts from tendons. Rehabilitation is crucial post-surgery and often takes 6-13 months for full recovery. It is recommended for athletes and individuals who have to function at a high level. While others who are largely inactive would be advised to try non-surgical methods.
- PCL: It may involve reconstruction of the PCL but it is less common. The recovery time is also shorter, estimated to be around 6-9 months.
V. Prevention Tips
ACL and PCL injuries may not always be preventable. However, you can decrease the chances of it occurring with proper care. Try strength training to help build leg muscles. Incorporate stretching exercises to help maintain joint stability. Always wear appropriate footwear and knee braces when necessary.
Final Overview
ACL and PCL Injuries pose significant challenges for anybody active, as they affect mobility and quality of life. You can seek appropriate care by knowing their causes, symptoms, and treatment options. However, prevention is better than cure, so try to incorporate strength-building and structure into your daily routine. Need a knee replacement surgeon? Connect with Dr Divyesh Bukalsaria today.